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Pilar de Zubiaurre
Pilar de Zubiaurre (Garai, Basque Country (Spain), 1884 – Mexico City, Mexico, 1970) was a Basque intellectual, writer, pianist, and art dealer and manager who lived in exile in Mexico for more than thirty years as a consequence of the Spanish Civil War. Zubiaurre was born to a well-off family. Her father, Valentín María de Zubiaurre, was maestro of the Spanish royal choir, while her two brothers, Valentín and Ramón de Zubiaurre, were famous painters who held exhibitions throughout the world. Zubiaurre was married to Ricardo Gutiérrez Abascal, a famous art critic known under the pseudonym of "Juan de la Encina".
== Life and cultural activities ==
Zubiaurre played an active role in the culture of Spain during the 1910s–1930s. This is why Iker González-Allende, editor of her works, calls her "woman of the Generation of '98" and "modern woman". Zubiaurre was one of the promoters of the magazine ''Hermes: Revista del País Vasco (1917–1922)''. During the 1910s she organized cultural gatherings in the painting studio her brothers had in Madrid. These gatherings, called "the Saturdays of the Zubiaurres", were attended by some of the most relevant intellectuals and artists of that time, such as Manuel de Falla, José Ortega y Gasset, Diego Rivera and Juan Ramón Jiménez. Zubiaurre was also the manager of her two deaf brothers, whose paintings she helped to sell and promote by organizing international exhibitions. She also participated in the founding and development of the Lyceum Club Femenino, the first female cultural association in Spain, chaired by María de Maeztu. In fact, she held the position of director of the Lyceum's Literature Section from 1928 until 1932, organizing public presentations by Spanish and foreign intellectuals. In the Lyceum, she met and became close friends with women authors such as Ernestina de Champourcín and Concha Méndez. She was also friends with Federico García Lorca, who dedicated her his poem entitled "Tres ciudades" ("Three Cities").
During the Spanish Civil War, Zubiaurre and her husband followed the democratic Republican Government to Valencia, where they stayed in the Casa de la Cultura (The Culture House) with other leftist intellectuals. She left Spain thanks to Lázaro Cárdenas, president of Mexico, who offered her husband and other Spanish intellectuals positions in the cultural institution La Casa de España, later called El Colegio de México. On her way to exile, Zubiaurre decided to spend nine days in New York, where, accompanied by Zenobia Camprubí and Juan Ramón Jiménez, she visited several sites of interest such as the Hispanic Society of America and Columbia University. Zubiaurre returned to Spain in 1951 and later on, in 1955, she traveled to Spain with her husband. Since 1964, Zubiaurre traveled to Spain once a year, until she died on 24 June 1970 in Mexico.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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